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Rutger Macklean
Rutger Macklean (28 July 1742 - 14 January 1816) also Rutger Macklier II, was a driving figure in the reorganization of agricultural lands in Sweden that made possible large-scale farming with its economy of scale.
==Biography==
The family name was originally spelled "Mackleir". In 1783, one year after Rutger Mackleir inherited Svaneholm Castle in Skåne from his uncle Gustaf Adolf Coyet II (1721-?), the name was changed to "Mackeleir" and so remained until Mackeleir and his brother were ennobled, when it became "Macklier" again. During the Anglo-Saxon pre-romantic era it was changed again, to "Macklean".〔 Sources conflict as to whether the Mackleirs were descended from Hector Og Maclean of Scotland or were from Holland.〔〔〔Both appear to be correct, his father descends from the Macleans of Scotland and his mother from the Coyets of Holland.〕
Macklean was born on 28 July 1742 at Ström mansion, Hjärtum parish, Bohuslän to Baron Rutger Macklier (1688–1748) and Vilhelmina Eleonora Coyet. He had a brother, Baron David Maclean. At the age of 40, in 1782, Rutger was an army Captain in the forces of the Swedish Empire. In that year he inherited Svaneholm Castle and its estate of 8500 acres from his mother’s family. In accordance with feudal procedures of tenant land-right inheritance the manor had been divided, in the course of its existence, into hundreds of narrow strip allotments. Some 40 tenant farmers live in four villages on the manor. Each tenant had the right to farm 60 to 70 strips of land, but only two thirds of a tenant's strips were usually close enough to his village that he had time to farm them; his farther strips went unused.〔
Macklean had his land surveyed and redivided into 75 farms. A new cottage and barn were built on each plot, roads were built to connect the plots, and a tenant who wanted to stay had to agree to move from his village to one of the newly surveyed plots. Within ten years Svaneholm had become a model of agricultural efficiency; the tenant farmers who stayed found they could raise more crops on half as much land. Macklean's land redistribution procedures were introduced into law in Scania in 1802, and land reform legislation for the country as a whole followed. In 1811 a mob threatened his life, and he died in 1816.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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